Computer Network means an interconnection of autonomous (standalone) computers for information exchange. The connecting media could be a copper wire, optical fiber, microwave, or satellite.
Networking Elements – The computer network includes the following networking elements:
Network Criteria:
The criteria that have to be met by a computer network are:
1. Performance – It is measured in terms of transit time and response time.
Performance is dependent on the following factors:
2. Reliability – It is measured in terms of
3. Security – It means protecting data from unauthorized access.
4. Network topology- it is another crucial factor to consider when designing a computer network. It refers to the way in which computers, devices, and links are arranged in a network. Common topologies include bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid, each with its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, scalability, reliability, and performance. The choice of topology depends on the specific needs and constraints of the network. Other important criteria that must be met by a computer network include performance, reliability, and security.
Goals of Computer Networks: The following are some important goals of computer networks:
Resource sharing: Networks enable the sharing of resources such as printers, scanners, storage devices, and software applications, which can reduce costs and increase efficiency.
Communication and collaboration: Networks provide a platform for communication and collaboration among users, allowing for easy sharing of information and ideas.
Centralized management: Networks allow for centralized management of devices, users, and resources, making it easier to control and monitor the network.
Scalability: Networks can be scaled up or down to accommodate changes in the number of users, devices, or data volume.
Accessibility: Networks can provide remote access to resources, enabling users to work from anywhere and improving accessibility to information and resources.
Security vulnerabilities: Networks can be vulnerable to security threats such as hacking, viruses, and malware, which can compromise sensitive data and disrupt network operations.
Complexity: Networks can be complex to set up, configure, and maintain, requiring specialized knowledge and expertise.
Dependence on infrastructure: Networks depend on the underlying infrastructure such as cables, routers, switches, and servers, which can be prone to failures or downtime, disrupting network operations.
Cost: Networks can be expensive to set up and maintain, requiring investments in hardware, software, and personnel.
Performance limitations: Networks have performance limitations such as bandwidth constraints, latency, and congestion, which can affect the speed and reliability of network operations.